Unitized System
Unitized systems offer several advantages in terms of fabrication, installation, and performance. Here’s a rephrased version of the information you provided:
Unitized systems are manufactured in a controlled environment and transported to the construction site for installation. This method ensures that large-sized glazing is fabricated with high precision and minimal dimensional variations. This feature proves to be highly beneficial for on-site workers as it allows for swift installation without the need for glazing or fixing at the construction site. Compared to the stick system installation, unitized systems require only one-third of the time, making them an efficient choice. They are particularly suitable for projects that involve covering a larger area with a curtain wall.
Moreover, unitized systems offer enhanced stability and superior performance in high-rise buildings, where wind loadings and aerodynamic effects are significant factors. These regular unitized panels contribute to the building’s stability and provide better resistance against such external forces. Additionally, the unitized panels incorporate a gasket layer, which acts as an acoustic barrier, preventing noise transfer from one floor to another. This feature improves the overall acoustic performance of the building and enhances occupant comfort. On the other hand, this installation requires extra transportation to bring the fabricated panels and special equipment needed for the installation.
Stick System vs. Unitized System
Typically, the selection of a curtain wall system is influenced by various factors, including:
• Installation location
• Project size
• Number of repetitions
• Labor costs
• Site space availability
The decision on which system to choose is based on these considerations.
Structural Concept
Transoms and mullions serve as the structural aluminum frames responsible for transferring loads from the glass panels to the connections. The design of the glazing panels must take into account the specific wind loads at various heights and meet the required thermal insulation standards. Transoms and mullions act as the structural frames that support these glass panels and transmit the loads to the main structure through the connections. Typically, these frames are suspended from the top floor and receive lateral support from the floors below to withstand wind suction forces.
The unitized curtain wall system combines various processed components and facing materials such as glass panels, aluminum profiles, and sealants into one or more large, seamless panels in a workshop. These panels are then transported to the construction site for installation as a whole.
The pre-set attachments on the building’s main structure ensure accurate connection, and if necessary, minor adjustments are made to complete the curtain wall installation.
Description of Performance for Unitized Glass Facade:
1. The unitized glass facade panels are meticulously assembled in a factory workshop, ensuring high precision in the assembly process.
2. The installation speed is rapid, leading to shorter construction periods, and the finished product is easily protected during installation.
3. It allows for synchronous construction with the main civil works structure, enabling a reduction in the overall construction timeline.
4. The structural design incorporates a step-by-step decompression principle and includes a built-in drainage system. These features enhance the facade’s performance by effectively resisting rainwater leakage and air penetration.
5. Special anti-aging rubber strips are used to seal the joints between the panels. This design not only imparts self-cleaning functionality to the curtain wall but also minimizes surface pollution.
6. The panels are securely connected using a plug-in connection method, resulting in a robust facade system with excellent seismic resistance.
The installation process of a curtain wall typically involves several steps. Here is a general outline of the process:
Design and Planning: The curtain wall system is designed based on architectural drawings and specifications. The design phase includes selecting the appropriate materials, finishes, dimensions, and structural requirements.
Site Preparation: The installation team prepares the site by ensuring that the building structure is ready to receive the curtain wall. This may involve cleaning the surface, making necessary repairs, and installing anchors or other attachments to support the curtain wall system.
Fabrication: The curtain wall components, such as glass panels, aluminum frames, and support brackets, are manufactured based on the design specifications. The fabrication process may occur off-site in a specialized facility.
Transportation and Delivery: The fabricated curtain wall components are transported to the construction site. Care is taken to handle and transport the materials safely to avoid any damage.
Installation of Structural Supports: The installation team begins by erecting the structural supports for the curtain wall system. This may involve the installation of steel or aluminum frames, mullions, and anchors. The supports are securely attached to the building’s structural elements, such as the floor slabs or columns.
Installation of Glass Panels: The glass panels are installed into the curtain wall system. Depending on the design, the glass panels may be pre-glazed or installed on-site. Special care is taken to ensure that the glass panels are aligned properly and securely attached to the supports.
Sealing and Weatherproofing: Once the glass panels are installed, the joints and gaps between the panels are sealed using weatherproofing materials. This helps prevent water infiltration, air leakage, and provides insulation.
Integration of Additional Components: Other components, such as doors, windows, sunshades, and ventilation systems, may be integrated into the curtain wall system as per the design requirements. These components are installed and connected to the structural supports and the surrounding building elements.
Testing and Quality Control: After the installation is complete, the curtain wall system undergoes testing and quality control procedures. This may include water penetration tests, air leakage tests, and visual inspections to ensure that the system meets the required performance standards.
Finishing Touches: Once the curtain wall installation is successfully completed and tested, any necessary touch-ups or adjustments are made. This includes cleaning the glass panels, removing protective films, and making sure all components are functioning correctly.